宋人别集“乐府”卷与宋人乐府观——从文同“乐府杂咏”说起

Views on Yuefu among Literati in the Song Dynasty and Volumes of Yuefu in Their Collected Works:A Case Study of Wen Tong’s Yuefu Zayong

《丹渊集》"乐府杂咏"集中体现了文同旧题乐府诗的写作艺术。诗人专取汉魏六朝乐府之题名,重视乐府诗的古辞、本事、创调情形,往往直接赋咏成篇,既有刻意朴拙、以俗为古之章,也有精于刻绘、巧设章法之作。该卷作品独立编纂,不与新题歌行杂处,彰显了时人传承乐府古学的自觉意识。家诚之重刊《丹渊集》将"乐府杂咏"卷目移前,进一步表明宋人对古乐府内涵与价值的新认识。结合其他宋集"乐府"卷,本文针对宋代乐府诗认定问题提出看法,指出两宋时期乐府诗学观念的多元共存与动态变化。

Wen Tong’s Yuefu Zayong from Collected Works of Danyuan demonstrated his art of yuefu with old titles.Using the old titles from yuefu poems of the Han,Wei,and Six dynasties,the poet paid special attention to guci(extants lyrics of yuefu before the Song dynasty),benshi(contents of yuefu,namely,historical legends and folk tales)and historical situations that gave rise to tunes,which were all his sources of inspiration.Some of his works featured deliberately unpolished simplicity,following thepoeticideal promoted by such intellectual movement as fugu(return to the ancients),while some featured elaborate depiction and ingenious structure.Instead of being juxtaposed with gexing poems with new titles,the volume of Yuefu Zayong was independently compiled,which manifested his contemporaries’consciousness of inheriting and passing on the old style of yuefu.Further,in his re-compilation of Collected Works of Danyuan,Jia Chengzhi put Yuefu Zayong forward,which indicated the Song literary scholars’new understanding of the significance and value of the old genre of yuefu.Considering other volumes of poetry titled yuefu in literati’s collected works in the Song dynasty,this article maintains that the Song people had multiple and dynamic understanding of yuefu.