金末画家马天章杂考——以《送马云汉还燕》诗与《维摩不二图》题跋为中心

To Know about Painter Ma Tianzhang from the Poem ‘Seeing off Ma Yunhan Back to Yan’ and the Comments in ‘The Universal Buddha-Nature’ in Scroll

本文考证了金末画家马天章的事迹与《维摩不二图》的流传。其一,白华《送马云汉还燕》诗揭示出画家在金末与白华相识于邓州,后又一起随主将移剌瑗投降南宋。其二,作者推测清内府藏李公麟《维摩不二图》原为马天章父藏品,马天章同名画作或临自此作。李公麟原作后经西方子上收藏,入元后,原作与摹本均经张九思之手进献朝廷,成为元朝宫廷藏品。今日所见王振鹏同名画作,或即源自马天章摹本。

The thesis focuses on the story of Ma Tianzhang who was a painter of the late Jin dynasty and the circulation of the masterpiece named ‘the Unity of All Things’ or ‘the Universal Buddha-Nature’(Wéi Mó Bù èr Tú in Chinese Pinyin), covering the following: First, Ma Tianzhang made acquaintance with Bai Hua at Dengzhou in the late Jin dynasty as is expressed in the poem ‘Seeing off Ma Yunhan back to Yan’(Sòng Mǎ Yúnhàn Huán Yān in Chinese pinyin) attributed to Ma Hua. Later on, Ma followed the chief Yila Yuan( 移剌瑗) to pay allegiance to the Southern Song Dynasty. Second, the Qing court collected ‘the Universal Buddha-Nature’(Wéi Mó Bù èr Tú in Chinese Pinyin) attributed to Li Gonglin was in the hands of Ma Tianzhang’s father and Xifang Zishang successively, therefore, which was probably copied by Ma Tianzhang to create his work with the same title. Both Li Gonglin’s original work and Ma Tianzhang’s copied one were offered by Zhang Jiusi to the Yuan Court at last. There is possibility that Wang Zhenpeng’s painting of ‘the Universal Buddha-Nature’(Wéi Mó Bù èr Tú) of the Metropolitan Museum of Art was made after Ma Tianzhang’s work.