乾隆、嘉庆款伊斯兰风格玉器辨识

On the Identification of the ‘Islamic-styled Jades’ with Qianlong’s or Jiaqing’s Reign Mark

在故宫博物院与台北故宫博物院库房的清宫旧藏玉器中,有一批15-18世纪时期中亚、南亚、西亚至东欧地区制作的玉器,它们大多用料上乘、风格独特,在18世纪中叶至19世纪初,即乾隆、嘉庆年间,经由新疆地区传入清代宫廷。除了中亚玉器多光素外,其他地区玉器多雕琢花叶纹,当代艺术史界通称为"伊斯兰玉器"。经初步整理和筛查,梳理出两岸故宫藏乾隆、嘉庆款伊斯兰风格玉器31件。本文拟从玉料、器物造型、纹饰及工艺特征、御题诗、款识等角度,对其是否为伊斯兰玉器加以辨识。

Of the Qing court collected jade wares are there some 15 th-18 th century products with high quality and unique style, which were made in Central Asia, South Asia and Eastern Europe and imported via the Xinjiang region and presented to the Qing court of Emperor Qianlong( 乾隆)-Jiaqing( 嘉庆) period during the middle 18 th to the early 19 th century. The jades of central Asia are bright and white, while the other jades with the carved floral pattern are generally called ‘Islamic Jadeware’ by the academia of contemporary artistic history. This thesis focuses on the 31 pieces of Islamic-styled jade wares with Qianlong’s or Jiaqing’s reign mark for their real identification by jade stuff, type and design, pattern and motif, inscription and marks as well.