基于语料库的词语搭配视阙下的近义词研究——以日语中的「理解」和「了解」为例

A Corpus-based Research on Synonyms From the Perspective of Word Collocation——A Case Study on“rikayi”and“ryoukayi”in Japanese

选取学习者语料库中中国日语学习者使用频率和误用率较高的近义词「理解」和「了解」为研究对象、利用『现代日语书面语均衡语料库』中纳言的短单位解析检索使用频数和共现的词语搭配,分析其语义特征。结果显示「理解」的主体多为人的集合体或抽象概念,理解的对象从具体到抽象比较宽泛,理解的方式显示出积极的姿态,理解的程度更广泛。而原为军队用语的「了解」,主体多为比自己地位高的上级或组织,了解的对象较少,从词义指示范围来看与理解的对象属于包容关系,方式无感情色彩,主要为被动的接受或征求对方理解。

concepts with a positive attitude in the way and broader degree.However"ryoukayi"originally belongs to military language,whose subjects are the superiors more than their own status or organizations.The objects of"ryoukayi"are fewer and included in the objects of"rikayi"from the scope of indicative range of word meaning.The way of"ryoukayi"is without emotion,mainly used to express passive acceptance or asking others to understand.