罗湖区儿童血铅值水平的变化及其与日常行为习惯的关系

Trend of children's blood lead level and its correlation with daily behavior

目的分析罗湖区儿童血铅值水平的变化趋势及其与日常行为习惯的关系。方法抽取2017年1月至2019年12月罗湖区0~6岁学龄前儿童4200例,由深圳市罗湖区妇幼保健院儿保科对其进行血铅浓度监测,统计铅中毒发生率,并总结儿日常行为习惯,采用Logistic回归模型分析高铅血症的危险因素。结果4200例儿童血铅水平15~285μg/L,铅中毒6例,占0.14%,高铅血症96例,占2.29%;2019年铅中毒、高铅血症发生率分别为0.05%、1.42%,较2017年的0.31%、3.96%有所下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而铅中毒、高铅血症发生率2018年与2017年比较,以及2019年与2018年比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);男童血铅水平为(65.56±20.30)μg/L,明显高于女童的(51.89±16.81)μg/L,铅中毒发生率为0.16%,明显高于女童的0.12%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);0~0.9岁幼儿血铅值最低,2~2.9岁组血铅值最高,3~6岁组血铅水平呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);以高铅血症为因变量,对其生活行为习惯纳入Logistic回归模型分析,结果显示,玩具不清洗、经常玩无线电遥控玩具、经常不洗手/肥皂洗手是其危险因素(P<0.05)。结论罗湖区0~6岁学龄前儿童血铅水平逐渐下降,血铅超标检出率较高,日常行为习惯与血铅浓度有密切关系。

Objective To analyze the change trend of children's blood lead level and its correlation with daily behavior.Methods A total of 4200 preschool children aged 0-6 years old in Luohu District were selected from Janu-ary 2017 to December 2019.The blood lead concentration was monitored by Department of Child Care,Luohu Maternal and Child Health Hospital,the incidence of lead poisoning was analyzed,and the daily behavior habits of children were summarized.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of hyperlead.Results The blood lead level of 4200 children was 15-285μg/L,and 6 cases had lead poisoning,accounting for 0.14%;96 cases had hyperplumbe-mia,accounting for 2.29%.The incidence of lead poisoning and hyperplumbemia in 2019 was 0.05%and 1.42%,which was significantly lower than corresponding 0.31%and 3.96%in 2017(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the incidence of lead poisoning and hyperplumbemia between 2018 and 2017,and between 2019 and 2018(P>0.05);the blood lead level and the incidence of lead poisoning of boys were(65.56±20.30)μg/L and 0.16%,which were signifi-cantly higher than corresponding(51.89±16.81)μg/L and 0.12%of girls(P<0.05).The blood lead level of 0-0.9 year-old children was the lowest,and that of 2-2.9 year-old group was the highest;the level of 3-6-year-old group showed a downward trend,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).Taking hyperplumbemia as the dependent variable,the life habits were analyzed by logistic regression model.The risk factors included not cleaning toys,playing with radio remote control toys,and not washing hands with soap.Conclusion The blood lead level of pre-school children aged 0-6 years old in Luohu Districtis gradually decreased,the detection rate of blood lead is higher,and daily behavior habits are closely related to the concentration of blood lead.