十月革命前俄国远东地区华人的国家认同差异及成因--以华商、华工和华农三大群体为研究对象

Differences in the National Identity of Ethnic Chinese in the Russian Far East before the October Revolution and Reasons: A Study on Three Groups of Chinese Businessmen, Chinese Workers and Chinese Farmers

十月革命前,俄国远东地区华人在职业上可以划分为华工、华商和华农三大群体。在国家认同层面,三大群体呈现鲜明的差异性,这与其各自所处的不同经济地位、社会交往程度及中俄两国对华人的政策等因素密不可分。华商经济地位较高,同中俄两国社会交往密切,易形成双重认同;华工经济地位低下,受俄国政府排华政策打击最重,而中国政府施予一定保护,因此对中国的国家认同感较为强烈;受生产生活方式的封闭性等因素影响,华农的国家认同感普遍较为淡薄。

Before the October Revolution,the Chinese in the Russian Far East were divided into three groups:Chinese workers,Chinese merchants and Chinese farmers.The three groups showed distinct differences in national identity,which were closely related to their different economic status,the degree of social contacts and the policies of China and Russia to overseas Chinese.Chinese merchants have relatively high economic status.They have close social contacts with China and Russia,so it is easy for them to have dual national identity.Chinese workers with low economic status were hit hardest by the anti-Chinese policy of the Russian government.They were protected to a certain extent by the Chinese government,therefore,the sense of national identity to China was strong.Influenced by the closed mode of production and life,the sense of national identity of the Chinese peasants was generally weak.