坚守与融合--浅谈马华作家鲁白野的文化认同

Adherence and Integration:A Brief Study on Cultural Identity of Malayan Chinese Literatus Lu Po-yeh

自19世纪华人下南洋达到高峰后,一部分华人选择留在马来(西)亚世代繁衍扎根,构建了具有当地特色的华人社会与文化。华人迁移到马来亚之初,也把中华的传统文化移植到当地。除了华人移民,来自印度南部的印裔移民也迁移到马来亚,同样将他们的文化移植当地。华人迁移到马来亚后,必须面对当地原来的文化以及其他外来文化,并在各种因素如历史背景、政治立场、经济利益等的影响下,与各种不同的文化产生冲突与矛盾。经过长时间生活在多元族群和多元文化的社会之中,马来亚华人在文化认同上也会受到主流文化——马来文化的影响。华人一方面维护自身的民族文化,另一方面也吸收外来文化,以适应居住国的风土与文化。这样的文化融合与调适,在马来亚于1957年独立前后更成为华人社会的重要议题。马来亚华人的国家认同、文化身份和语言教育等,都决定了当时马来亚华人的未来。作为20世纪50年代活跃于马来亚文坛的马华作家,鲁白野以跨文化、跨族群和跨语言的文化书写,对马来亚当时的多元文化作出相应的思考与回应,继而对自身的华人文化观作出调适与转化,充分展现了他及当时马来亚华裔文人在文化认同上的开放性、包容性和融合性。

Since the mass Chinese emigrated to Southeast Asia(Nanyang),some of the Chinese immigrants chose to stay in Malaya and have been developing the county for generations.It formed a unique Malayan Chinese society which contained local cultural elements.Chinese immigrants brought along their culture to Malaya.Besides Chinese immigrants,Indian immigrants from Southern India also migrated to Malaya and transplanted their culture to Malaya.After migrating to Malaya,the Chinese had to preserve their own culture in a multi-cultural environment.However,differences of historical backgrounds,political standpoints and economic benefits had caused conflicts and contradictions in Malayan society.After living in a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society for a long period,the cultural identity of the Malayan Chinese had over time been influenced by the mainstream local culture-Malay culture.The Chinese had to maintain their own culture,at the same time they also absorbed foreign cultures to adapt to the cultures and customs of the country.The adjustment and adaption are an important issue for the Chinese society around 1957 when Malaya was moving towards forming an independent country.The national identity,cultural identity,language and education were important issues to be taken into account to determine the future of Malayan Chinese then.Therefore,this article will base on the cultural writing of the Malaysian Chinese writer Lu Po-yeh in the 1950s,explores how he adapted to the new cultural environment while preserving his cultural identity through cross-cultural,cross-ethnic,cross-language and embracing of the local culture.It fully demonstrated the openness,tolerance and integration of Lu Po-yeh and other Malayan Chinese literati during the 1950s.