基于生态安全格局理论的中国生态基础设施规划实践综述(1997~2019年)

Review of Ecological Infrastructure Planning Practices Based on the Ecological Security Pattern Theory in China(1997~2019)

本研究梳理了北大景观和土人设计团队20余年来在生态安全格局理论指导下的生态基础设施规划设计项目,探索了生态安全格局理论在各生态类型区和特殊生境中,以及各种生态过程分析方法在实践中的应用及拓展。由于本研究涉及的近百个实践项目所处生态类型区不同,因此在将生态安全格局理论应用于生态问题时存在一定的地域性差异。然而,类似生境内的项目需要应对的重点生态问题存在共性。目前,该理论已从最初的面向生物栖息地保护的"试验性"理论,发展到包含所有重要生态过程及其子过程的庞大理论体系。本文重点关注生态安全格局理论在区域和城市尺度上的实践,试图梳理:1)当该理论应用至更广泛的生态类型区后,生态基础设施规划如何能够针对性地解决地方性生态问题,以及该理论在不同生态类型区中应用情况的异同;2)针对典型生境的规划,利用该理论来协调人地关系、寻求协同发展的方法;3)该理论在空间广度上的拓展对理解生态过程、建立生态安全子格局,以及更新分析技术的影响。本研究通过实证分析表明,不论是就方法论还是实践应用而言,生态安全格局理论均为我国生态文明建设做出了贡献,为国土空间规划提供了宝贵的技术支持和理论依据。

This paper reviews the ecological infrastructure planning practices by LA PKU and Turenscape over the past two decades,discussing the application and development of the ecological security pattern theory in different types of ecoregions and typical habitats,and that of ecological process analysis methods in practice.Nearly 100 studied projects employed this theory to address different local ecological problems.But similarities could be found regarding the key ecological issues among similar habitats.Far from mainly addressing habitat protection issues at its early stage,the ESP theory by now has expanded its application to all important ecological processes and sub-processes.This paper focuses on related application at urban and regional scales,attempting to summarize 1)approaches to solving local ecological problems via ecological infrastructure planning in a wider geographic range,and differences concerning the application modes in varied ecoregions;2)ways to harmonize man–land relations and to achieve synergic development in typical habitats;and 3)influence brought by the wider spatial range to the application on the understanding of ecological processes,the establishment of sub-security-patterns,and the renewal of analysis techniques.The empirical analysis in this study suggests that both the methodology and application of the ESP theory contribute to China’s ecological civilization construction,providing valuable technical support and theoretical basis for territorial spatial planning.