恩格斯对杜林平等观的批判及其当代意义

Engels’s Critique of Dühring’s Concept of Equality and Its Contemporary Significance

杜林认为,在他之前的理论家对平等的论述过于抽象,缺乏明晰性,未能给人们以"科学"的理论指引,他由此试图给平等以科学论证。但在恩格斯看来,杜林所谓的"科学"论证依然未能摆脱抽象的形而上学局限,且具有迷惑性和误导性。恩格斯指出,平等观念是历史的产物,受物质生产制约并随其发展而发展,无产阶级平等观的深刻之处在于其超越了资产阶级局限于私有财产、局限于政治平等的狭隘眼界,主张消灭私有制,为人的真正平等和人的解放创造条件。恩格斯的论述再次阐明了他与马克思共同创立的马克思主义平等观,启迪了之后的马克思主义者。当代中国解决平等问题的成功之道在于,在秉承马克思主义平等观的基础上立足中国实际并以"共同富裕"和"以人民为中心"等发展思想丰富和发展马克思主义平等观。

Dühring believed that the theoreticians’ argument for equality before him was too abstract and lacked clarity to give people "scientific"theoretical guidance,and he thus tried to give a scientific argument for equality. However,in Engels’ s view,the so-called "scientific"arguments of Dühring were still not free from the limits of abstract metaphysics,and they were confusing and misleading. Engels pointed out that the concept of equality is a product of history,is subject to material production and develops with it. The profound point of the proletarian concept of equality is that it transcends the narrow vision of the bourgeoisie which is limited to private property and political equality,and advocates the elimination of private ownership,creating the conditions for the real equality and emancipation of human beings. Engels’ s thesis once again clarified the Marxist concept of equality that he co-founded with Marx and enlightened subsequent Marxists. The success of contemporary China in solving the problem of equality lies in its basing on the Chinese reality and enriching and developing the Marxist concept of equality with the ideas of"common prosperity"and"people-centeredness"on the basis of adhering to the Marxist concept of equality.