China’s Economic Miracle and Demographic Dividend in Four Decades of Reform and Opening Up

Due to the family planning policy and the economic and social progress made after its reform and opening up,China entered a low birth rate era in the 1990s.Its population dynamic changed from the equilibrium between high birth and death rates to the equilibrium between low birth and death rates.This transition took China less than four decades,while it took developed countries a century or longer.The fast transition created a potential demographic window conducive to economic and social development.