细胞焦亡在青光眼发病机制和治疗中的研究进展

Research progress of cell pyroptosis in the mechanism and treatment of glaucoma

细胞焦亡是一种继细胞凋亡、细胞坏死及自噬之后新发现的炎性体介导的程序性促炎性反应造成细胞死亡方式,其主要信号通路包括依赖半胱天冬酶1(caspase-1)的经典焦亡途径和依赖caspase-4、caspase-5、caspase-11的非经典焦亡途径,参与机体正常生理功能,在许多疾病的发病过程起重要作用,尤其在神经退行性疾病,如阿尔茨海默病、青光眼等。青光眼是一组威胁和损伤视神经及其视觉通路最终导致视觉功能损伤、主要与病理性眼压升高有关的临床疾病。随着越来越多的研究关注于细胞焦亡及其在眼部疾病中的作用机制,细胞焦亡在青光眼发病机制及治疗方面的研究也取得较大的进展,最新研究发现细胞焦亡参与青光眼的发病;尤其是视网膜神经节细胞的焦亡和小胶质细胞介导的细胞焦亡在青光眼的发生发展中可能具有关键地位,随着对细胞焦亡与青光眼关系的深入研究,通过靶向干预视网膜神经节细胞的焦亡途径和小胶质细胞相关的焦亡有望为青光眼治疗带来新的曙光,细胞焦亡介导的作用机制有可能为青光眼发病机制和治疗提供新的思路。(中华眼科杂志,2021,57:702-706)

Pyroptosis,which is put forward after apoptosis,necrosis and autophagy,is a programmed pro-inflammatory cell death mode mainly mediated by inflammasomes.The main signaling pathways include the classic caspase-1-dependent pyroptosis pathway and the non-classical caspase-4,caspase-5 and caspase-11-dependent pyroptosis pathway.Pyroptosis is involved in the normal physiological function and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases,especially in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer′s disease and glaucoma.Glaucoma,which is mainly related to pathological intraocular pressure elevation,is a kind of eye diseases that threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway and eventually lead to visual function impairment.With more attention paid to pyroptosis involved in the mechanism of eye diseases and the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma,studies have found that pyroptosis is tightly correlated with glaucoma.Pyroptosis of retinal ganglion cells and microglia-mediated pyroptosis possess a significant position in the development of glaucoma.Further understanding of the relationship between pyroptosis and glaucoma might bring a new dawn for glaucoma treatment.The mechanism of pyroptosis may provide a new strategy for the pathogenesis and treatment of glaucoma.(Chin J Ophthalmol,2021,57:702-706)