乡村的乐园:新中国成立初期的农忙托儿所(1949—1957)

Rural Paradise: Nursery in Busy Farming Season in the Early Days of New China (1949—1957)

新中国成立初期,为使广大妇女在走出家门之后免受幼儿的拖累,各式各样的托儿组织在全国建立起来.其中,农村地区建立的农忙托儿所尤其引人注目.农忙托儿所扎根于乡土之中,其组织方法不拘泥于形式,保育风格独特,且具有极强的生存性.农忙托儿所的建立一方面使幼儿得到较好地保育,另一方面使妇女免除了后顾之忧,为其参与农业发展、国家经济建设起到了保驾护航的作用.事实证明,农忙托儿所成功的关键源于党和国家对妇女、儿童权益的高度重视,而广大群众的集体智慧和辛勤劳作则是其中至关重要的一环.透视农忙托儿所的发展,为我们了解50年代的妇女解放、儿童保育与国家建设提供一个重要的切入点。

In the early days of new China,various kinds of child care organizations were set up all over the country in order to help the majority of women work outside home free from the burden of taking care of their children.Among them,the nursery in busy farming season established in rural areas is particularly eye-catching.Rooted in the countryside,the nursery in busy farming season is unique in style and its organization method is not rigidly limited to form,making it widely accepted.On the one hand,the establishment of the nursery in busy farming season enables children to get better care.On the other hand,freeing rural women from worries,it plays a role of escort for their participation in agricultural development and national economic construction.The reality proves that the key to the success of the nursery in busy farming season is that the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the government attach great importance to the rights and interests of women and children.Besides,the collective wisdom and hard work of the masses is also a crucial part.Looking into the development of the nursery in busy farming season provides an important perspective for us to understand women's liberation,child care and national construction in the 1950s.