高垄滴灌马铃薯减肥增效生产技术试验

Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase Techniques for Potato Production Under High Ridge and Drip Irrigation Cultivation Mode

马铃薯高垄滴灌水肥一体化生产中增施生物有机肥、中微量元素肥料可提高马铃薯产量和品质。为获得最佳的马铃薯减肥增效生产技术,综合考虑复合肥、生物有机肥、中微量元素肥料的使用数量及使用时期等因素,共设置5个处理:处理1(复合肥1500 kg/hm(2)+硝酸钙镁225 kg/hm(2))、处理2(复合肥1200 kg/hm(2)+生物有机肥1500 kg/hm(2)+硝酸钙镁180 kg/hm(2))、处理3(复合肥900 kg/hm(2)+生物有机肥2250 kg/hm(2)+硝酸钙镁135 kg/hm(2))、处理4(复合肥900 kg/hm(2)+生物有机肥3000 kg/hm(2)+硝酸钙镁90 kg/hm(2)),处理1~4施用微肥30 L/hm(2)+硫酸钾225 kg/hm(2),处理5为对照(复合肥1800 kg/hm(2)+生物有机肥1200 kg/hm(2)+硝酸钙镁150 kg/hm(2)),每个处理面积667 m2,大区试验,不设重复,测定株高、单株结薯数、产量、商品薯率、块茎品质等指标。结果表明,处理2是合理减肥条件下最高效的绿色生产技术方案。另外,施用生物有机肥较未施用生物有机肥处理,蛋白质含量平均提高12.7%;当生物有机肥施用量增加至2250~3000 kg/hm(2)时,马铃薯单株结薯数较未施用生物有机肥的处理平均增加1.16个;当复合肥施用量大幅减少时,即使增施生物有机肥(处理4),马铃薯的产量和商品薯率也会显著降低;当追肥施用N较多时,会导致马铃薯淀粉含量下降,处理1、2、3较处理4和处理5的淀粉含量平均减少0.79 g/100 g。

In the integrated production of potato high-ridge and drip irrigation cultivation system,adding bio-organic fertilizer,fertilizers with medium or trace elements can improve the yields and qualities of potatoes.To obtain the optimal fertilization formulation,five treatments were set as followings in consideration of the amount and application period of compound fertilizer,bio-organic fertilizer,and fertilizers with medium or trace elements:treatment 1(compound fertilizer 1500 kg/ha+calcium magnesium nitrate 225 kg/ha);treatment 2(compound fertilizer 1200 kg/ha+bio-organic fertilizer 1500 kg/ha+calcium magnesium nitrate 180 kg/ha);treatment 3(compound fertilizer 900 kg/ha+bio-organic fertilizer 2250 kg/ha+calcium magnesium nitrate 135 kg/ha);treatment 4(compound fertilizer 900 kg/ha+bio-organic fertilizer 3000 kg/ha+calcium magnesium nitrate 90 kg/ha),in treatments 1-4 micro fertilizer 30 L/ha+potassium sulfate 225 kg/ha were applied;and treatment 5,the control(compound fertilizer 1800 kg/ha+bio-organic fertilizer 1200 kg/ha+calcium magnesium nitrate 150 kg/ha).The area of each treated plot is 667 m^(2).Each treatment was performed in only one plot with no replications.The plant height,tuber number per plant,yield,marketable tuber percentage and tuber quality were determined in this study.The results showed that treatment 2 was the optimal formula compared to the other four treatments,which showed the highest fertilization efficiency.In addition,the protein content of potatoes were found 12.7% higher after the application of bio-organic fertilizer.When the application of bio organic fertilizer increased to 2250-3000 kg/ha,the tuber numbers of each plant increased by 1.16 on average compared to those in treatment without bio-organic fertilizer.Furthermore,the yield and marketable tuber percentage decreased significantly with large decrease in application of compound fertilizer,even if the bio-organic fertilizer application(treatment 4)increased.When N was applied in high amount during top dressing,potato starch content decreased,the starch contents of treatments 1,2 and 3 being decreased on the average 0.79 g/100 g than that of treatments 4 and 5.