单粒精播密度对垄作夏花生生长发育和产量品质的影响

Effects of Single-seed Sowing Density on Growth,Yield and Quality of Summer Ridge Planting Peanut

以商花43号为材料,研究单粒精播不同密度S1(9.0万穴/hm^(2))、S2(13.5万穴/hm^(2))、S3(18.0万穴/hm^(2))、S4(22.5万穴/hm^(2))、S5(27.0万穴/hm^(2))和双粒播CK(18.0万穴/hm^(2))处理之间花生叶面积指数、SPAD、干物质积累、产量和品质的差异,探讨夏花生单粒精播的适宜密度及其高产群体的生理基础。结果表明:随密度增加,单粒精播叶面积指数和群体地上部干物质量随之增加,出苗后60 d和80 d,S4、S5处理叶面积指数与CK差异不显著,出苗后80 d,S4、S5处理群体地上部干物质量与CK差异不显著,到出苗后100 d,均显著大于CK。随密度增加,单粒精播主茎高、侧枝长显著增加,但均显著低于CK;总分枝、结果枝、单株结果数、生产力减少,均显著大于CK,S3处理开始,群体果数多于CK。随密度增加,单粒精播百果质量、百仁质量、饱果率、出仁率整体上呈增加趋势,S4、S5处理与CK间差异不显著。单粒精播有利于提高叶片叶绿素含量,S3、S4、S5密度有利于提高花生品质。S4、S5处理产量显著大于CK,分别比CK节约用种37.5%、25.0%。总之,合理密植是单粒精播花生高产的关键,形成和保持较高的叶面积指数、群体干物质,提高叶片叶绿素含量、群体结果数和饱果率是高产高效的主要因素。

In order to study the suitable sowing density and physiological basis for high yield in single-seed sowing peanut,five single-seed sowing density(90k,135k,180k,225k and 270k holes/ha)and double-seed sowing(180k holes/ha)treatments were conducted to identify the difference of leaf area index(LAI),SPAD,dry matter accumulation,yield and quality with high-oleic acid peanut cultivar Shanghua43 as material.The results showed that LAI and above-ground population dry mat-ter mass of single-seed sowing increased with the increase of density,and LAI of S4,S5 and CK had no significant difference on 60th and 80th day after emergence respectively.The above-ground popula-tion dry mass of S4 and S5 had no significant difference with that of CK on 80th day after emergence,but were significantly greater than that of CK on 100th day after emergence.Main stem and branch length of single-seed sowing plant significantly increased with the increase of density,but were signifi-cantly lower than that of CK.Number of branches,pod-bearing branches,pod and pod mass per plant all decreased with the increase of density,but were significant greater than those of CK.It was from treatment of S3,number of population pods were more than CK.100-pod mass,100-kernel mass,full fruit percentage and kernel percentage of single-seed sowing plant mostly increased with the increase of density,and they had no significant difference among treatments of S4,S5 and CK.Sin-gle-seed sowing was beneficial to improve the chlorophyll content of leaf,and density of S3,S4,S5 was beneficial to improve the quality of peanut.The yield of S4 and S5 was significantly higher than that of CK,and respectively saved 37.5%and 25.0%of seeds than CK.In summary,reasonable high planting density was the key to achieve high yield of single-seed sowing summer peanut.The main factors on achieving high yield and high efficiency peanut production were to obtain and maintain high LAI and dry population matter,increase the chlorophyll content of leaf,the population number of pod and the percentage of full fruit under single-seed sowing pattern.