不同覆膜处理对唐山地区花生生理性状和产量的影响

Effects of Different Film Mulching Treatments on Physiological Traits and Yield of Peanut in Tangshan Area

以冀东地区花生主栽品种唐花9号为试材,研究不同覆膜处理对花生生理性状和产量的影响,为冀东地区花生高产栽培提供技术支撑。试验采用两种不同厚度白膜和黑膜进行试验,以不覆膜为对照,测定不同覆膜处理下花生生理性状(包括株高、叶面积指数、干物质量、水分利用效率)和产量。结果显示,覆膜处理与对照不覆膜比较,花生株高和水分利用效率差异达到显著水平,叶面积指数、干物质积累量和产量均极显著大于不覆膜,其中覆膜处理分别比不覆膜增产26.29%、13.51%;不同覆膜处理间比较,黑膜覆盖处理的花生生理性状指标和产量均显著高于白膜处理,白膜Ⅱ与白膜Ⅰ两者间无明显差异。不同地膜覆盖的花生株高、叶面积指数、干物质积累量、水分利用效率和产量大小依次为:黑膜>白膜Ⅱ>白膜Ⅰ。在冀东地区,灌溉总量一定的条件下,覆膜处理的花生产量极显著高于不覆膜处理,黑膜处理水分利用效率显著高于白膜,选用黑膜覆盖的花生在开花下针期和荚果膨大期的生长速度较白膜高。

The effects of different film mulching treatments on physiological traits and yield of peanut were studied with Tanghua9 as the test material, so as to provide technical support for the high-yielding cultivation of peanut in eastern Hebei. Two kinds of white film and black film with different thickness were used in the experiment, and physiologyical traits(plant height, leaf area index, dry matter mass, water use efficiency) and yield was measured under different film mulching treatments and with non-mulching treatment. The results showed that compared with non-mulching treatment, the difference of peanut plant height and water use efficiency reached a significant level, and the leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and yield of peanut under film mulching treatment were significantly higher than non-mulching treatment, and the increase of peanut plant height and water use efficiency under film mulching treatment was 26.29% and 13.51%, respectively. Compared with different mulching treatments, the physiological traits and yield of black mulching treatment were significantly higher than that of white mulching treatment, but there was no significant difference between white mulching Ⅱ and white mulching Ⅰ. The plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation, water use efficiency and yield of different mulching films were as follows: black film>white film Ⅱ>white film Ⅰ. In Eastern Hebei, under the condition of a certain amount of irrigation, the yield of peanut under film mulching treatment was significantly higher than that non-mulching treatment, and the water use efficiency of black film treatment was significantly higher than white film. The growth rate of black film mulching was faster than that of white film mulching in flowering-pegging stage and pod-filling stage.