中国教育不平等的性别差异——基于代际流动与机会不平等分解视角

Gender Differences in China’s Education Inequality—From the Perspective of Intergenerational Mobility and Decomposition of Opportunity Inequality

本文采用中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2016年数据,基于纵向视角的代际流动理论和横向视角的机会不平等理论,对目前中国教育性别差异的形成机制及其变化趋势进行探索。运用代际流动理论模型的阶层线性模型(HLM)改进和机会不平等理论的系数衡量及夏普利分解,研究结果表明:中国教育代际流动系数总体为0.196,其中女性高于男性,且性别之间代际流动系数差距随年龄组减小而增大,女性教育“底部持久性”和男性教育“顶部持久性”的凸显共同加剧了教育不平等的性别差异。此外,性别因素贡献率也随父母教育背景的升高而降低,其中低等教育家庭性别差异最为严重,其影响仅次于户口。

Based on the data from the China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)in 2016,this paper explores the formation and tendency of gender differences in education inequality from the vertical perspective of the intergenerational mobility theory and the horizontal perspective of the opportunity inequality theory.Using the intergenerational mobility theory model improved by the hierarchical linear model(HLM)and the coefficient measurement of the opportunity inequality theory and Shapley decomposition,it is found that the intergenerational mobility coefficient of education in China is 0.196 in general,in which the female is higher than the male,and the gender gap of the coefficient increases with the decrease of age.The prominence of“bottom persistence”of female education and“top persistence”of male education together aggravate gender differences Besides,the contribution rate of gender also decreases with the increase of parents'educational background,in which the gender differences in lower educated families is most serious,and its effect is second only to household registration.