洗钱罪适用研究——以《刑法修正案(十一)》的实施为背景

A Study on the Application of Money Laundering Crime in the Context of the Amendment to the Criminal Law(Ⅺ)

洗钱罪是公认的国际犯罪。1997年,我国刑法明确规定了洗钱罪,并通过修正案不断完善对其的定罪量刑。2020年,《刑法修正案(十一)》就洗钱罪再次进行了修改和完善。在洗钱罪主观方面,《刑法修正案(十一)》虽然删除了“明知”一词,但在对洗钱罪行为人主观方面的考量上,应考虑其对行为对象性质的认识程度,将间接故意包含在主观要件中。在洗钱罪打击范围上,《刑法修正案(十一)》取消了“帮助”“协助”等表述,洗钱行为不再局限于对上游犯罪人的帮助行为,而是将上游犯罪人包含在洗钱罪主体范围内,对司法实践尤其是国际间追逃追赃合作具有重要作用,也为追究跨境洗钱犯罪行为提供了便利。

The crime of money laundering is a recognized international crime.In 1997,China’s criminal law clearly stipulated the crime of money laundering,and constantly improved its conviction and sentencing through amendments.In 2020,the Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅺ)revised and improved the crime of money laundering again.In the subjective aspect of money laundering crime,although the word“knowing”has been deleted in the Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅺ),the subjective consideration of the perpetrator of money laundering crime should consider his understanding of the nature of the object of behavior and include indirect intention in the subjective elements.The Criminal Law Amendment(Ⅺ)cancels the expressions of“helping”and“assisting”,which no longer limits money laundering crime to helping the upstream criminals,but includes the upstream criminals in the subject of money laundering.Such amendments will be of great significance to judicial practice and overseas chasing,and more in line with the purpose of establishing the crime of money laundering.