基于某纯电动车的低频制动噪声优化研究

Study on Braking Noise Optimization in Low Frequency Range Based on a Pure Electric Vehicle

由于纯电动车加速快、质量大、制动力要求高和制动散热量需求大等特征的综合作用,使常用的通风盘式制动系统产生一种从高速到低速均能被清晰感知的低频噪声,显著影响车内乘客舒适度。本文中针对这类制动噪声进行了整车和系统级分析,提出了通风盘位移波动量是引起通风盘表面振动并导致车内噪声的机理假设,利用数值模拟方法验证了假设的正确性;并对影响通风盘位移波动量的关键参数进行了研究,结果显示散热筋跨距是其核心优化参数,文中还给出了位移波动量的经验值;据此提出了综合优化方案,将方案进行了仿真、整车样件试验和主观评价三重验证。结果表明,优化样件可完全解决此类制动噪声问题,同时也论证了关键设计参数的有效性,为各类型电动车的通风盘设计及其多参数优化奠定了基础。

Due to the comprehensive effect of the characteristics of pure electric vehicle,such as fast acceleration,large mass,high requirements for braking force and large demand for braking heat dissipation,the commonly used ventilated disc brake system will produce a low-frequency noise perceivable from high speed to low speed,which will significantly affect the comfort of passengers in the vehicle.In this paper,the vehicle and system level analysis of this kind of braking noise is carried out and the mechanism hypothesis that the displacement fluctuation of the ventilated disc causes the surface vibration and leads to the interior noise is proposed.The hypothesis is verified by numerical simulation.Then,the key parameters that influence the ventilated disc displacement fluctuation is studied and it shows that the span of heat dissipation rib is the core optimization parameter,and the empirical value of the displacement fluctuation is given.Based on this,the comprehensive optimization solution is put forward,which is verified by simulation,vehicle sample test and subjective evaluation.The results show that the optimized sample can completely solve the problem of braking noise and also the effectiveness of key design parameters are proven,which lays a basis for ventilation disc design and multi parameter optimization of various types of electric vehicles.