清代民族交往中的身世与才情——以方苞与京城满族仕宦交往为例

Life Experience and Talent in Ethnic Communication in the Qing Dynasty:Taking the Communication Between Fang Bao and Manchu Officials in Beijing as an Example

《南山集》案之后,方苞进入京城为官,结交了一大批满族仕宦,尤其与徐元梦、顾琮、德沛、石永宁等人往来密切。他们一起商议政事,交流学术,同时也谈诗论文,寄情山水。方苞与京城满族仕宦交往的意义在于:一是提升了方苞在京城官场和学术圈的声望,奠定了其成为一代宗师的学术地位;二是促进满族的文章学术与汉人的交流,带动了满族学术的发展,增强满族人对中华传统文化的认同感;三是促进了满汉民族交流融合,彰显了身世、才情等个体性因素在民族交往中的重要价值,以及清代民族交往的特征。

After the case of Nanshanji,Fang Bao became an official in the Qing government and made friends with a large number of Manchu officials,especially with Xu Yuanmeng,Gu Cong,De Pei,Shi Yongning.They discussed political affairs,exchanged academic knowledge.At the same time,they al⁃so talked about poetry and papers and expressed their feelings for the landscape.The significance of Fang Bao’s communication with Manchu officials lies in:first,it strengthened Fang Bao’s reputation in the offi⁃cial circles and academic circles in the capital,promoted his academic status as a great master;second,it promoted the academic exchanges between Manchu people and Han people,promoted the academic devel⁃opment of Manchu academic,and enhanced Manchu people’s sense of identity with Chinese traditional cul⁃ture;third,it promotes the exchange and integration of Manchu and Han nationalities,shows the important value of personal experience,talent and other individual factors in national exchanges,as well as the char⁃acteristics of national exchanges in the Qing Dynasty.