儒家工夫概念的三个维度

Three Dimensions of the Concept of Gongfu in Confucianism

“工夫”一词与主体身心修养及转化密切相关,其本质在于运用一定的身心行为,将理论学说转化为内证体验,实现生命境界的提升,达到贯通天人的终极目的。这一定义包含了三个维度:一、承载工夫的行为模式,这不仅是工夫得以呈现的身心行为方式,还是其效验得以生成的条件和基础。二、主体身心的内证体验,即由工夫行为所达成的身心提升和转化,具有超越通常身心状态的独特内容。三、天人贯通的境界,即通过身心提升和转化的工夫路径,实现人与天道相交通。

The concept of“Gongfu”is closely related with that of subjective physical and metal culti⁃vation.Its essence lies in,through physical and mental acts,converting from theory into an inner experi⁃ence,elevating the life state,and reaching to the unity of heaven and human being.This concept consists of three dimensions:firstly,behavior mode which contains Gongfu is not only the physical and mental acts,by which Gongfu is presented,but also the condition and foundation from which the result of Gongfu is produced.Secondly,subjective physical and mental inner experience advances and converts through Gongfu,containing extraordinary physical and mental state.Thirdly,the state of unity of heaven and hu⁃man being is achieved by Gongfu of physical and mental advancement and converting.