中国晚清电报史研究综述

A Review of the Study of Telegraph History in the Late Qing Dynasty

电报是晚清时期传入中国的。目前学界对晚清电报史的研究主要集中在电报建设、电报的影响、电报利权交涉以及相关人物研究等四个方面:电报建设方面,主要探讨时人对电报建设价值的认识、全国性或地方性电报建设过程、电报所需的技术与人才培养、电报的管理维护等问题;对电报的影响大体从政治军事、经济发展、教育社会等视角进行分析;电报利权交涉方面,主要探讨清政府对电报利权的认识以及与列强的具体交涉过程;电报相关人物的研究方面,主要集中于李鸿章、盛宣怀和郑观应等人对电报创立和发展所做的贡献。整体来说,晚清电报史研究成果颇丰,但也有内容选取不均衡、分析方法视角偏向传统、缺乏综合整体性研究等问题,仍有较大的拓展空间。

Scholars􀆳research on the history of Chinese late Qing telegrams has mainly focused on the construction of telegrams,the influence of telegrams,the negotiation of telegram rights and interests,and the study of related figures.In the aspect of telegram construction,this paper discusses such issues as people􀆳s understanding of the value of telegram construction,national or local telegram construction process,technology and personnel training needed by telegram,management and maintenance system of telegram,etc.In terms of the influence of telegrams,it is generally analyzed from the perspectives of political and military affairs,economic development,education and society,etc.In terms of the negotiation of telegram rights,the paper discusses the Qing government􀆳s understanding of telegram right and the specific measures taken to save it,among which the specific negotiation process with the powers is the focus of the study.In terms of the characters related to the telegram,they mainly focused on Li Hongzhang,Sheng Xuanhuai and Zheng Guanying􀆳s contribution to the establishment and development of the telegram.On the whole,there are many achievements,but there are also some problems,such as unbalanced selection of content,traditional perspective of analysis methods,lack of comprehensive and holistic research,etc.There is still a large space for the study of telegraph history in the late Qing Dynasty.