以家庭为中心的护理模式在哮喘儿童中的应用效果

Application effect of family centered nursing model in children with asthma

目的探讨以家庭为中心的护理模式在哮喘儿童中的应用效果。方法2018年1月至2019年5月在扬州大学附属医院进行治疗的80例哮喘患儿作为研究对象,并依照随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组病例均为40例。对照组患儿实施传统常规护理模式,研究组患儿在此基础上给予以家庭为中心的护理模式。两组患儿均连续干预3个月。统计并比较两组患儿治疗依从率、生活质量、负性情绪、疾病管理情况以及发作次数等情况。采用t检验和χ^(2)检验进行统计学分析。结果研究组患儿治疗依从率[90.0%(36/40)]显著高于对照组[72.5%(29/40)],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后研究组与对照组患儿焦虑自评量表(self-rating anxiety scale,SAS)[(52.6±2.2)分与(53.8±2.3)分]、抑郁自评量表(self-rating depression scale,SDS)[(54.1±2.5)分与(63.8±2.6)分]评分均显著降低,且研究组显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后研究组与对照组儿科哮喘生命质量量表(pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire,PAQLQ)活动(6.31±0.27)分与(4.37±0.21)分、哮喘症状(6.25±0.19)分与(4.86±0.20)分以及情感功能(6.09±0.13)分与(4.99±0.22)分,评分均显著升高,且研究组显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。研究组患儿饮食合理[80.0%(32/40)与57.5%(23/40)]、运动规律[87.5%(35/40)与67.5%(27/40)]、正确吸入[90.0%(36/40)与67.5%(27/40)]、规范用药[90.0%(36/40)与72.5%(29/40)]以及定期复诊[82.5%(33/40)与52.5%(21/40)]等疾病管理情况显著优于对照组,且每周哮喘发作次数明显少于对照组[(2.81±0.10)次与(1.03±0.08)次],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论对哮喘儿童施行以家庭为中心的护理模式可明显提高其治疗依从率,改善其临床症状,对其生活质量的提高发挥积极作用,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To explore the application effect of family-centered nursing model in children with asthma.Methods 80 cases with asthma who were treated in Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from January 2018 to May 2019 were used as the research objects,and were divided into the study group and the control group according to the random number table method,with 40 cases in each group.The cases in the control group implemented the traditional routine care model,and the cases in the study group were given a family-centered care model on this basis.Both groups of children intervened continuously for 3 months.Statistics and comparison of the treatment compliance,quality of life,negative emotions,disease management and number of episodes of the two groups of children were compared.T test andχ^(2) test were used for statistical analysis.Results The treatment compliance of the cases in the study group[90.0%(36/40)]was significantly higher than that in the control group[72.5%(29/40)],with statistical significance(P<0.05).After the intervention,the scores in the two groups of the cases on the SAS[(52.6±2.2)vs(53.8±2.3)]and SDS[(54.1±2.5)vs(63.8±2.6)]were significantly reduced,and the study group was significantly lower than the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).After the intervention,the activity of pediatric asthma quality of life questionnaire(PAQLQ)(6.31±0.27)vs(4.37±0.21),asthma symptoms(6.25±0.19)vs(4.86±0.20)and emotional function(6.09±0.13)vs(4.99±0.22)scores of the two groups were significantly increased,and the study group was significantly higher than those in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.01).The disease management of the cases in the study group such as reasonable diet[80.0%(32/40)vs 57.5%(23/40)],regular exercise[87.5%(35/40)vs 67.5%(27/40)],correct inhalation[90.0%(36/40)vs 67.5%(27/40)],standardized medication[90.0%(36/40)vs 72.5%(29/40)]and regular follow-up visits[82.5%(33/40)vs 52.5%(21/40)]was significantly better than that in the control group,and the number of asthma attacks per week(2.81±0.10)vs(1.03±0.08)was significantly less than that in the control group,with statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusions The family-centered nursing model for children with asthma can significantly improve their treatment compliance,improve their clinical symptoms,and play a positive role in improving their quality of life.It is worthy of clinical application.