高职教育“课证融合”的研究现状与优化路径

The Research Status and Optimization of"Course-Certificate Integration"in Higher Vocational Education

"课证融合"要求将职业技能等级证书培训内容融入专业人才培养方案中,通过厘清"课证融合"的发展脉络及内涵,明确了"课证融合"的定义。以"课证融合""课证融通"为检索词,选取2000—2020年间中国知网(CNKI)收录的190篇有效论文为研究样本,运用文献计量法、内容分析法和可视化分析法等,呈现了"课证融合"的研究概况。"课证融合"研究经历了缓慢增长期(2006—2018年)和高速增长期(2020年后)两个阶段,主要观点集中在职业资格证书与技术技能等级的匹配、教学环节与技能考核的融合等方面。"课证融合"需构建课程标准与认证标准相融,课程内容与认证内容相融,课程教学、考核与认证培训、考核相融的课程标准和课程体系;通过耦合、接口、单列或混搭法来实现从点缀型融合、拼凑型融合走向紧密型融合;在融合技术上把握好知识、能力及情感目标的融合,实践过程理念与方法的融合,实践过程监测与评价的融合这三个维度,以提高职业教育人才培养的灵活性、适应性和针对性。

"Course-certificate integration"requires that vocational qualification certificate training content be integrated into the professional talent training program.By clarifying the development context and connotation of the"course-certificate integration,"one can clarify the definition of"course-certificate integration."This paper takes"course-certificate integration"and"course-certificate coordination"as the keywords,selects 190 valid papers collected by CNKI from 2000 to 2020 as the research sample,and presents the research overview of"course-certificate integration"by using bibliometric methods,content analysis methods,and visual analysis methods.The research on"course-certificate integration"has experienced two stages of slow growth(2006-2018)and rapid growth(after 2020).The main viewpoints focus on matching vocational qualification certificates and technical skill levels,teaching links and skill assessment.This paper suggests that the"course-certificate integration"requires the construction of multi-integration curriculum standards and systems,such as the integration of curriculum standards and certification standards,the integration of curriculum content and certification content,and the integration of curriculum teaching,assessment and certification training,and assessment.In order to improve the flexibility,adaptability and pertinence of talent training in vocational education,we should adopt coupling,interface,single row or mashup methods.Three dimensions should be grasped in terms of integration techniques:the integration of knowledge,ability and emotional goals,the integration of concepts and methods in the practice process,and the integration of monitoring and evaluation in the practice process.