朱熹《仪礼经传通解》对《礼记》经、传的界定

Distinction of the Jing and Zhuan of Li Ji in Zhu Xi's General Commentary of Jing and Zhuan of Yi Li

《仪礼经传通解》中,“经”指的是《仪礼》,“传”指的是《礼记》《周礼》等其他经书。在此前提下,朱熹将《仪礼》的<冠礼>等篇,分别以《礼记》的<冠义>各篇作为主从关系配附。但《仪礼》佚失颇多,所存多为士礼,能将二礼整整齐齐相配合的情况有限。然朱熹心目中的礼书蓝图,不仅仅着眼于士礼,而是涵盖家、乡、学、邦国、王朝各个层面的礼仪。《仪礼》经文的不敷使用,迫使朱熹不得不转向寻求其他各经的内容以弥补《仪礼》经文的不足。其中,以《礼记》使用最多、拆分最散。朱熹在《通解》中如何定位《礼记》一经?界定《礼记》经、传的标准是什么?当研究焦点都放在朱熹如何整理《仪礼》的同时,笔者以为,在《通解》中,朱熹如何处理《礼记》,也是探讨其礼学非常根本的问题。本文将《通解》所使用到《礼记》的内容与《礼记》原文比对,发现朱熹不仅忽视《礼记》作为经书的地位,对《礼记》做了相当大程度的删改、合并、调整顺序的工作,从实用礼学的角度出发,以经书为基础,重新制作一套新礼仪的理论根据。

In the title“General Commentary of Jing and Zhuan of Yi Li”,“Jing”refers to Yi Li,and“Zhuan”refers to the classical texts Li J i,Zhou Li,etc.On this premise,Zhu Xi attaches the texts in Li i such as Guan Yi to the texts in Yi Li such as Guan Li.But much of Yi Li was lost,with most of the remaining parts being Shi Li,it is not often the case that the two books can be joined neatly,while Zhu Xi's blueprint of the book of Li covers not only Shi Li,but also the rituals in family,Xiang,Xue,country,and kingdom.The lacking of texts in Yi Li forces Zhu Xi to seek in other texts,among which Li Ji is used and split most.How does Zhu Xi place Li Ji in his General Commentary?What is the criteria to distinct Jing and Zhuan of Li Ji?While current researches focuses on how Zhu Xi treats Yi Li,how Zhu Xi treats Li Ji in his General Comm entary is also crucial.Inthis article we compares the texts from Li Jiin the General Commentary with the original texts,and finds out that Zhu Xi,ignoring Li J ibeing a classic,did heavy rearrangement to Li J i,and in view of practical Li Xue,basing on the classics,created theoretical basis of a new system of rituals.