新冠疫情大流行对WTO规则的冲击与应对

Impact of the Covid-19 Epidemic Pandemic on WTO Rules and Response

新冠疫情大流行直接导致全球经济与贸易急剧萎缩,各国纷纷采取的贸易限制措施又对医疗用品贸易、交通运输、旅游等造成深远的负面影响。有关全球疫情防控的贸易措施规定散列在WTO各协定中,缺乏系统、有效的适用标准,这也凸显了WTO规则的局限性和WTO成员国间的松散性。在今后的WTO改革中,应当设置应对疫情防控贸易措施的改革内容;完善通知以提高新贸易措施的透明度;帮助中小微企业和最不发达国家应对新冠疫情;加强与其他国际组织的合作,推动完善更加稳定、有效的治理机制,更加平衡、可持续的多边贸易体制。

The global economy and trade shrank sharply as a direct result of the Covid-19 pandemic, and the trade restriction measures adopted by various countries had far-reaching negative impacts on the trade of medical supplies, transportation and tourism. The provisions of trade measures related to global epidemic prevention and control are scattered in various WTO agreements and lack systematic and effective application standards, which also highlights the limitations of WTO rules and the looseness among WTO members. In the future WTO reform, the reform content of trade measures should be set to deal with the epidemic prevention and control;improve the notification to enhance the transparency of new trade measures;help small, medium and micro-sized enterprises and least developed countries to cope with the new crown epidemic;and strengthen cooperation with other international organizations to promote the improvement of a more stable and effective governance mechanism and a more balanced and sustainable multilateral trading system.