氧化应激在2型糖尿病发生发展中的作用机制

Mechanism of oxidative stress in the occurrence and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus

随着对2型糖尿病(type 2 diabetes mellitus,T2DM)病理生理机制的深入探索,众多研究发现氧化应激在其发生发展的过程中扮演了不可忽视的角色。T2DM发生的最初启动因素是胰岛β细胞功能缺陷或胰岛素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)。慢性高血糖会使机体活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)生成过高并超出抗氧化防御系统的防御能力,导致氧化应激(oxidative stress,OS)。而OS通过一系列信号通路对机体产生影响,使胰岛β细胞功能受损以及造成IR等,最终造成T2DM。另外,遗传、环境、年龄、生活方式等因素也可能导致T2DM的发生。本研究对OS与T2DM的发病机制进行综述,并讨论未来可能的治疗手段。

With the in-depth exploration of the pathophysiological mechanism of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),many studies have found that oxidative stress plays an important role in its occurrence and development.The initial initiating factor of T2DM is the defect of pancreaticβ-cell function or insulin resistance(IR).During the course of the disease,chronic hyperglycemia will cause the body to generate too much reactive oxygen species(ROS)and exceed the defense capabilities of the antioxidant defense system,leading to oxidative stress(OS).OS has an impact on the body through a series of signal pathways,impairing the function of pancreaticβ-cells and causing IR,and ultimately T2DM.In addition,factors such as genetics,environment,age,and lifestyle may also lead to the occurrence of T2DM.Therefore,this article reviews the pathogenesis of OS and T2DM,and discusses possible future treatments.