儿童青少年力量素质变化趋势分析及启示——基于1964—2017年的国内外研究

Temporal Trends in Muscular Fitness of Children and Adolescents and Its Enlightenment: Based on Worldwide Research from 1964 to 2017

目的分析国内外儿童青少年力量素质变化趋势,探讨其相关因素,为儿童青少年健康促进策略的发展提供参考依据。方法运用布尔逻辑运算组合检索Web of Science (WOS)、PubMed、EBSCO、中国知网(CNKI)数据库自收录开始至2020年10月16日发表的文献,经过删重和筛选最终纳入27篇文献。结果在1964-2017年间国内外儿童青少年力量素质研究结果存在不一致性,63.6%、45.4%和44.4%的儿童青少年力量素质指标结果显示爆发力、肌肉耐力和最大力量呈现下降的趋势。进一步对儿童青少年的下肢力量数据进行提取发现,男女生下肢力量存在不同程度的下降趋势。结论总体而言,儿童青少年力量素质倾向于下降的趋势,各指标和各国趋势走向不尽相同,这可能与各国社会环境、政策计划等存在较大的关联。未来国内外需要强调儿童青少年力量素质的重要性,制定相应策略,规定儿童青少年锻炼的具体标准。此外,我国需借鉴国外优秀经验,联合家庭、学校和社区共同促进儿童青少年的体质健康。

Objective To analyze the changes in the muscular fitness of children and adolescents worldwide, explore its related factors, and provide a reference basis for the development of health promotion strategies for children and adolescents.Methods A combination of Boolean logic operations was used to search the Web of Science(WOS), PubMed, EBSCO, and China Knowledge Network(CNKI) databases.The documents were published since the date of collection to October 16, 2020, and 27 documents were included after deduplication and screening.Results From 1964 to 2017, the research results were still inconsistent.The results of 63.6%, 45.4% and 44.4% of children and adolescents′ muscular fitness indicators show a downward trend in explosive power, muscle endurance and maximum strength.Further extraction of the lower limb strength data of children and adolescents found that there are varying degrees of decline in lower limb strength between boys and girls.Conclusion In general, the strength of children and adolescents tends to decline, and the trends of various indicators and countries are not the same.This may be related to the social environment and policy plans of various countries.Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to emphasize the importance of the quality of children and adolescents at home and abroad, and formulate related strategies, then put forward specific standards of children and adolescents′ training.China should also learn from foreign excellent families, schools and communities to jointly promote the policy guidelines of children and adolescents.