作为诠释学基本问题的应用

Application as the Fundamental Hermeneutic Problem

应用是诠释三要素之一,却被浪漫主义诠释学所遗忘。哲学诠释学将应用重新召回,确定为诠释学的基本问题。应用涉及文本的普遍性与特殊性之间的关系。文本的“事情本身”是相对于不同诠释学处境而保持为一的普遍物,但这种普遍物只有在特殊的诠释学处境中才能开显自身的实际的当下性。文本诠释无非就是将文本应用于具体的语境之中,与诠释者相遇并形成融合的视域而让意义祛除遮蔽,明白地显现出来。可见,应用必然包含着一种文本与诠释之间的相互交织,一种发生的意义呈现,以及按照诠释学的历史性原则而生成的理解的逻各斯。职是之故,汉语诠释学需以哲学诠释学为参照镜像,挖掘自身传统中的应用要素,让其在中国经典诠释传统现代转型和中国经典诠释学当代建构中发挥作用。

Application is one of the three hermeneutic elements,but it has been forgotten by romantic hermeneutics.Application is rediscovered and defined as a fundamental problem in philosophical hermeneutics.Application involves the relationship between universality and particularity of the text.“Sache selbst”of the text is something universal in different hermeneutic situations.Its authenticity can be disclosed only in a special historical contextuality of hermeneutics,and its truth can be realized in the fusion of these horizons of interpreter and text.In this way,textual interpretation is nothing more than applying text itself to the historical situations of hermeneutics,meeting with the interpreter and forming an integrated vision,so as to remove the cover of meaning and show it clearly.Therefore,it can be seen that application must contain a kind of interweaving between text and interpretation,a meaning presentation of occurrence,and a logic of understanding generated according to the historical principles of hermeneutics.Thus,Chinese hermeneutics should take philosophical hermeneutics as a reference mirror to explore the application in its tradition,and to let it play a role in modern transformation of Chinese classics interpretative traditions and contemporary construction of Chinese classical hermeneutics.