结构性改革、企业家精神与经济增长

Structural Reform,Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth

企业家的规模扩张并不必然带来经济增长已成为中国推进创新创业过程中亟待解决的现实矛盾,而结构性改革能否破解企业家精神的经济增长之谜并通过提升企业家质量来实现促增长是当前推动高质量发展面临的重要问题。在将企业家精神区分为机会型与生存型企业家精神的基础上,利用92个国家2001—2016年数据的实证研究表明,从长期来看,机会型企业家精神将促进经济增长,而生存型企业家精神将抑制经济增长;结构性改革能够激发机会型企业家精神,同时抑制生存型企业家精神,特别在增长转型阶段,贸易改革、金融改革与产权改革是促进机会型企业家精神的重要途径;结构性改革能通过影响机会型企业家精神实现经济增长。因此,以结构性改革激发和保护机会型企业家精神将是中国实现企业家质量提升与经济持续增长的重要途径。

The scale expansion of entrepreneurship does not ne cessarily bring economic growth,which has become a realistic contradiction to be solved urgently in the process of promoting innovation and entrepreneurship in China. Whether the structural reform can reveal the puzzle of economic growth promoted by the entrepreneurship and realize economic growth pro motion by increasing the quality of entrepreneurs are the important issues in promoting the high-quality development at present.On the basis of dividing entrepreneurship into opportunity and necessity-pushed entrepreneurship, this paper conducts an empirical study with the data from 92 countries from 2001 to 2016. The findings show that, in the long term, the opportunity entrepreneurship can promote economic growth, while the necessity-pushed entrepreneurship has an inhibition effect on economic growth. The structural reform can stimulate the opportunity entrepreneurship, and at the same time restrain the necessity-pushed entrepreneurship;especially at the growth and transition stage, trade reform, finance reform and ownership reform are important paths to promote the opportunity entrepreneurship, while the structural reform can achieve economic growth by influencing the opportunity entrepreneurship. Therefore, stimulating and protecting the opportunity entrepreneurship through structural reform will be an important way to improve the quality of entrepreneurs and achieve sustained economic growth in China.