清代词原论与词体推尊

A Study of the Origin of Ci and the Respect of the Style of Ci in the Qing Dynasty

清人对往代文学诸体都欲振兴,期以超轶往代,故于此前文学派别,重现争论,如诗论性灵、格调、肌理之说,都是承续往代。词学亦然,但以宋人视同诗家余事,元、明曲盛而词衰,故以尊体为要,推原词体于《诗》《骚》、乐府与唐诗,反映振兴一代词学的强烈意识。其推本于《诗》,要求"风雅之正",有悖词体本色;推于屈《骚》楚辞,则于"美人香草"的比兴之旨有所契合;推于乐府尤其是南朝乐府,在音乐源流、词体意韵方面略有相通;推于唐诗,则以"诗余"解读攀词于诗,论七绝对词体产生的直接影响,较为接近事实,而否定词为"诗余",也是词体自尊的表现。

The literati of the Qing Dynasty would like to revitalize and surpass the previous literary styles,and had new debates around the poetic theory,such as Xing Ling,Ge Diao,and Ji Li. The same goes with Ci studies. The literati of the Song Dynasty regarded Ci as a pastime of poets. In the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty,the style of Qu flourished and that of Ci declined. Therefore,the revival of Ci mainly lies in advocating its stylistic position,and tracing the source of the style of Ci to the Book of Poetry,Chu Ci,Yue Fu and the Tang poetry,which reflects the strong consciousness of revitalizing Ci studies. However,tracing the source of the style of Ci back to the Book of Poetry and demanding that the orthodoxy of elegance violates the true nature of the style of Ci. Some people regard Chu Ci as the source of the style of Ci,which coincides with the intention of Xiang Cao Mei Ren. Other people believe that Yue Fu is the source of the style of Ci,especially the Southern Dynasty Yue Fu,which was slightly interlinked in the source flow of music and the meaning of the style of Ci. Still other people believe the Tang Poetry is the source of the style of Ci,which relates to the idea of appendages of poetry. In contrast,it is believed that the Qi Jue directly affects the production of the style of Ci,which is relatively close to the truth. Some people deny that Ci is an accessory of poetry,which is also the expression of respecting the style of Ci.