洞庭湖区新石器时期聚落遗址时空分布与自然环境的关系

Relationship Between Spatio-temporal Distribution and Its Natural Environment of Neolithic Settlement Sites in Dongting Lake Area

探讨洞庭湖区新石器六个文化时期聚落遗址的时空分布特征及自然环境关系,可进一步了解人地关系,对发现和保护历史文化遗址具有重要意义。通过Voronoi计算各个文化时期的变异系数和最近邻指数,从而得到每个时期的聚落遗址空间分布特征,并运用GIS空间分析法分析洞庭湖区聚落遗址分布与自然环境关系。结果表明:彭头山和皂市下层文化时期聚落遗址空间分布特征呈随机分布,汤家岗文化时期则呈现均匀分布,大溪、屈家岭和石家河文化时期聚落遗址在空间上呈聚集分布特征;遗址点主要分布在高程0~100 m、坡度0~5°、坡向朝南且距水距离为300~4 000 m的范围内。因此,古人选择生活聚落倾向于海拔低,坡度小,日照时间长且距水较近的区域,并且随着生产工具变革、农业发展和社会等级分化等,聚落遗址在不同文化时期的空间聚集程度由分散向集聚特征转变。

To explore the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of Neolithic settlement sites at six cultural periods in Dongting Lake area and the influence of natural environment can further understand the relationship between man and land,which is of great significance to the discovery and protection of historical and cultural sites. Through the Voronoi, the variation coefficient and nearest neighbor index of each cultural period were calculated, so as to obtain the spatial distribution characteristics of settlement sites in each cultural period, GIS spatial analysis method was used to discuss the relationship between settlement sites and natural environment in Dongting Lake area. The results show that: 1)The spatial distribution characteristics of settlements sites were random in Pengtoushan and Zaoshi cultural periods,while was uniform in Tangjiagang cultural period,and clustered in Daxi,Qujialing,Shijiahe cultural periods. 2) The sites were mainly distributed in the range of elevation 0~100 m, slope 0~5°,southward and distance from water 300~4 000 m. As the result, the ancient people tended to live in areas with low altitude, low slope, long sunshine time and close to the water.Under the background of change of production tools,agricultural development and the social class differentiation,etc.,the spatial aggregation degree of settlement sites in different cultural periods changed from the scattered to the clustering characteristics.