早期《老子》文本及其文义、思想变化

The early textual of laozi and its changes in meaning and thought

(1)早期《老子》文本是在不断发展、变化的,其原因是多方面的。《老子》文本的变化会引起其文义和思想的变化,而分章不同,又导致人们对《老子》章段的理解不同。(2)阅读和利用《老子》文本,最好以汉简本为基础,并结合郭店本、帛书甲乙本和通行本来作出判断。通行本的讹误过多,难以再单独作为理解老子思想的文本依据。(3)引用《老子》文句或分析其章义,应当建立在“原子分章”的基础上,应当充分注意《老子》的分章和章界;是否同章,这在很大程度上预先决定了人们对于《老子》的理解。(4)以河上公本和王弼本为代表的通行本应当得到细致而全面的校勘和检查。而此校勘工作,应当以出土简帛四古本为基础,一方面向着通行本的母本刘向定著本作还原性的努力,另一方面充分揭示这两个本子的错误和不足之处。(5)此外,应当从方法论和具体注释上努力反省河上公注和王弼注的缺陷。

(1) The text of the early Laozi was constantly developing and changing for many reasons. The textual Changes of Laozi cause the changes of its textual meanings and thoughts,while different chapter divisions lead to different understandings of its chapters and paragraphs.(2) To read and utilize the text of Laozi,it is best to make judgments based on the Han Dynasty slips,and combine it with the Guodian version,silk books(Version A&B) and the current version. There are too many errors and mistakes in current version so it can’t be used alone as a textual basis for understanding Laozi’s thought.(3) To quote the text of Laozi or analyze its chapter meaning should be built on the basis of "atomic chapter division",and pay full attention to the chapter divisions and chapter boundaries of Laozi. Whether it is the same chapter or not largely pre-determines people’s understanding of Laozi.(4) The current version,represented by Heshanggong version and Wang Bi version,should be meticulously and comprehensively proofread and checked based on the four unearthed slips and silk book versions. On the one hand,we should make restoration efforts based on the version revised by Liu Xiang,which is the origin of the current version. On the other hand,we should reveal the errors and shortcomings of these two versions.(5) In addition,efforts should be made to reflect on the defects of Heshangong’s commentary and Wang Bi’s commentary in terms of methodology and specific exegesis.