《能源宪章条约》对可再生能源投资的规制研究

Research on the Regulation of Renewable Energy Investment under the Energy Charter Treaty

实现碳峰值、碳中和已成为当前全球应对气候变化的基本诉求。为实现这一诉求,扩大可再生能源的国际投资变得愈加紧迫。然而,《能源宪章条约》在促进与保护可再生能源投资方面却不尽如人意。相关实践表明,其投资规则不仅侵蚀了东道国的规制权,不利于其规制可再生能源行业,而且其争端解决机制也易被投资者用做索赔的便捷工具。是以,未来的《能源宪章条约》改革,应积极利用其"现代化进程"谈判,重塑投资规则,改进其争端解决机制与仲裁机构之间的协同,从而适应可再生能源发展的勃兴之势。就中国而言,一方面,应积极参与到能源宪章组织的现代化进程谈判中,不断输出中国立场与方案,审慎考虑加入《能源宪章条约》;另一方面,也不应拘泥于《能源宪章条约》,而是要充分利用中国可再生能源发展的全球领先地位,积极主动地参与到全球能源秩序重构中。

Achieving carbon peaks and carbon neutrality have become the basic demands of the current global response to climate change.Therefore,in order to realize this demand,the expansion of international investment in renewable energy has become more and more urgent.However,as an important international treaty in the international energy field,the Energy Charter Treaty is not satisfactory in terms of promoting and protecting renewable energy investment.Relevant practices show that its investment rules are not only unfavorable for the host state’s government to regulate the renewable energy industry,but also erode the host state’s regulatory power;and its dispute settlement mechanism is easily used by investors as a convenient tool for claims.For this reason,the future reform of the Energy Charter Treaty should actively reshape investment rules through its modernization process to adapt to the boom in renewable energy;improve the coordination between its dispute settlement mechanism and the arbitration institutions;as far as China is concerned,on the one hand,it should actively participate in the modernization process of the Energy Charter,continuously export China’s position and plans,and carefully consider joining the current Energy Charter Treaty;on the other hand,if the modernization process fails,we should also take advantage of the world’s leading position in the renewable energy area to reshape the global energy order in due course.