多边贸易体制中非互惠演进的路径范式阐微

Explanation on Evolutionary Paths and Paradigms of the Non-Reciprocity in the Multilateral Trading System

非互惠在多边贸易体制的演进范式可概括为,从"隔绝的非互惠"到"例外的非互惠"再到"去边缘化的非互惠"的过程。这一过程与发展中国家推动"承担义务的非互惠"到"履行义务的非互惠"再到"非完全互惠"的路径相匹配,是发展中国家总结参与多边贸易体制经验教训的结果,更是WTO治理沿着发展与进步方向演进的体现。然而以发展为导向的理念尚未成功转化为具体的制度或机制保障。非互惠从边缘向核心演进的过程中与互惠的兼容度降低,预示着多边贸易体制中非互惠去边缘化的过程将面临诸多现实挑战。WTO成员在未来须进一步强化以规则为基础的非互惠制度体系共识,在多边贸易规则对成员利益多元化的包容性与规则适用的普遍性之间取得平衡。

The evolutionary paradigms of non-reciprocity in the multilateral trading system can be summarized as a process from"Isolated Non-reciprocity"to"Exceptional Non-Reciprocity"to"De-marginalized Non-Reciprocity".This process matches the evolutionary path from"Non-reciprocity of Undertaking Obligations"to"Non-Reciprocity of Fulfilling Obligations"to"Less than Full Reciprocity".It is the result of developing members summarizing the experiences and lessons of participating in the multilateral trade system,and is also an embodiment of WTO governance evolving in the direction of development and progress.However,the development-oriented idea has not been successfully converted into specific institutions or mechanisms.Non-reciprocity evolving from the periphery to the center has lowered the compatibility with reciprocity,indicating that the process of de-marginalization of the non-reciprocity in the multilateral trading system will face many practical challenges.WTO members need to further strengthen the consensus on building rule-based non-reciprocity institutions in the future,and making a balance between the universality of rules application and the inclusiveness containing multiple interests of the WTO members.