语助词“时”的方言分布及解释

The Dialect Atlas and Interpretation of Auxiliary Word“Shi”

“时”在汉语史上曾出现过语助词的用法,这种用法在现代汉语普通话中已不复存在,但仍保留在长江中下游一带的部分方言中。在以上海话为代表的吴方言中就保留了“时(是)”的不同程度的虚化用法,对比湘、赣、客(连城)方言中的表现,结合汉语史的语料,可以大致勾勒出语助词“时”的语法化过程,从而解释其方言分布的成因。这也为江南一带方言存在共性特征的论断提供了语法上的佐证。

“Shi(时)”was once used as an auxiliary word in the history of Chinese language.This usage is outdated in Mandarin,but still retained in the dialects of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze river.The Wu dialect represented by Shanghai dialect has retained the desemanticized use of“shi”to various degrees.Compared with its usage in the Xiang dialect,Gan dialect and Ke dialect(Liancheng),and combined with the Chinese historical corpus,the outline of grammaticalization process of the auxiliary word“shi”can be drawn,and the causes of the formation of its dialect atlas can be accordingly interpreted.This study provides grammatical evidence for the common features of the Jiangnan dialects.