贝壳类废弃物用于钝化土壤重金属的研究进展

Advances in research on the use of shellfish wastes to passivate heavy metals in soil

本文综述了贝壳类废弃物钝化农田土壤中重金属的应用,介绍了其钝化重金属的机理、效果以及提升材料性能的加工处理方式。贝壳类废弃物修复重金属污染农田土壤的机理主要包括石灰效应、沉淀效应和吸附效应,但微观固化的分子机制尚不清楚。采用物理(如粉碎、球磨)和化学(如煅烧、溶剂反应)法的处理工艺可以大幅提高贝壳的吸附能力及中和土壤酸性的能力。另外,贝壳废弃物与高效、专性、安全的重金属钝化材料进行复配,可提高钝化材料的长期稳定性,实现农产品安全生产。未来的研究应更多地关注贝壳材料钝化重金属的稳定性及经济性。

In this review,we summarize the application of shellfish waste in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated farmland.Diverse processing methods for enhancing the material physiochemical properties are also introduced.The remediation mechanisms predominantly include liming effects,precipitation and adsorption effects,but the molecular mechanisms underlying the microscopic solidification are still unclear.The adsorption capacity and ability to neutralize soil acidity can be greatly improved by physical(e.g.,crush and grinding)and chemical(e.g.,calcination and solvent reaction)methods.In addition,shellfish waste can be compounded with highly efficient,obligate,and safe materials to achieve long-term stability of the passivation materials and safe agricultural production.In future the relate research and application should focus on the stability and economy of heavy metals passivated by shell materials.