2015和2019年北京市中小学生血清尿酸水平及尿酸异常检出率对比分析

Comparative analysis of serum uric acid levels and detection rates of abnormal uric acid among primary and middle school students in Beijing in 2015 and 2019

目的了解北京市中小学生血清尿酸水平及尿酸异常的情况和变化趋势,为后续开展有针对性的健康教育和干预措施提供科学依据。方法研究数据来自2015和2019年的北京市中小学生营养与健康状况监测项目。采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样的方法从北京市7个区每区选取小学、初中各4所学校,于小学一、三、五年级、初中一年级各随机抽取1个班的学生。获得被调查对象出生日期、性别、所在地区、血清尿酸等信息。采用Wilcoxon秩和检验和χ^(2)检验对数据进行分析。结果2015年共监测3538名学生,血清尿酸中位数为288.0μmol/L,P_(95)为434.0μmol/L,2019年共监测3398名学生,中位数及P_(95)分别上升为291.0μmol/L和441.0μmol/L,2015和2019年血清尿酸值比较,差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.910,P=0.004)。血尿酸异常检出率分别为11.7%和12.8%,并呈现出高年龄组高于低年龄组、女生高于男生、郊区高于城区的特点。结论应对不同地区、性别和年龄的中小学生开展有针对性的一系列健康教育和健康促进措施,加强中小学生对血清尿酸相关知识的认识。重点关注已检出血尿酸异常的学生,评估其是否需要进行干预措施。

Objective To understand the situation and trend of changes in serum uric acid levels and abnormal uric acid in primary and secondary school students in Beijing,so as to provide scientific basis for the follow-up of targeted health education and intervention measures.Methods Data for the study were obtained from the Nutrition and Health Status Monitoring Project of Beijing Primary and Secondary School Students in 2015 and 2019.A multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to select 4 primary schools and 4 junior high schools from each of the 7 districts of Beijing,and randomly select students from 1 class in each of the first,third,and fifth grades of primary school,and the first grade of junior high school.Information on the date of birth,gender,location,and serum uric acid of the subject was obtained.Wilcoxon rank sum test and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.Results In 2015,a total of 3538 students were monitored with a median serum uric acid of 288.0μmol/L and a P_(95) value of 434.0μmol/L.In 2019,a total of 3398 students were monitored and the median and P_(95) values increased to 291.0μmol/L and 441.0μmol/L,respectively.The difference in serum uric acid levels in 2015 and 2019 is statistically significant(Z=-2.910,P=0.004).The detection rates of abnormal blood uric acid were 11.7%and 12.8%,respectively,and showed a higher rate in the higher age group than in the lower age group,higher rate in girls than in boys,and higher rate in suburb areas than in urban areas.Conclusions A series of targeted health education and health promotion measures should be carried out for primary and middle school students of different regions,different genders and different ages to strengthen their knowledge of serum uric acid.Focus on the students with abnormal serum uric acid and evaluate whether they need intervention measures.