清初正统观与遗民辞赋创作

The Ideology of Orthodoxy and the Cifu Creation of Adherents in the Early Qing Dynasty

“正统观”是中国文化史的核心命题之一,“正统”说自产生以来,争辩之声便哓哓不止,尤其是处夷狄交侵、亡国易鼎之际。清初基于华夷之辨的“正统观”,整体呈现如下趋向:清廷以夷变夏的高压政策之下,遗民极力捍卫汉文化为核心的华夏正统;清廷施行怀柔政策,华夷文化思想观念逐渐走向融合;随着清廷统治日久,基于华夷之辨的正统论逐渐消解。遗民辞赋参与清初正统论与华夷之辨,清晰地记录了不同思想语境下正统观的演变轨迹,同时呈现清初不同形态的社会关系。

“The Ideology of Orthodoxy”is one of the core propositions of the Chinese traditional cultural historiography ideology.Disputes over the theory of“orthodoxy”continues ever since it came into being,especially when the invasion of barbarians and the change of the nation occur.In the early Qing Dynasty,the“orthodoxy”based on the debate of Hua-Yi showed the following trend:under the high pressure policy of converting in the Qing Dynasty,the adherents tried their best to defend the Chinese orthodoxy with Han culture as the core;with the implementation of Huairou policy(a policy of mollification)in the Qing Dynasty,the culture and ideology of Hua-Yi gradually merged;with the governance of Qing Dynasty for a long time,the orthodoxy based on the debate of Hua-Yi was on the wane.The Cifu created by the adherents was involved in the orthodoxy and the debate of Hua-Yi in the early Qing Dynasty,which clearly recorded the evolution of the ideology of orthodoxy in different ideological contexts,and reflected the different forms of social relations in the early Qing Dynasty.