1978-2016年广东甘薯育成品种系谱与亲本利用分析

Analysis on Pedigree and Parent Use of Sweetpotato Cultivars Bred in Guangdong Province from 1978 to 2016

【目的】了解广东甘薯育成品种遗传背景与品种间亲缘关系,为甘薯育种亲本选择和杂交组合有效配制提供参考。【方法】利用1978—2016年广东省育成的通过国家鉴(认)定或省审定的57个甘薯品种基本信息,分析广东省育成甘薯品种基本概况、亲本来源、系谱关系及衍生品种情况。【结果】广东甘薯育成品种主要利用品种间定向杂交(59.6%)或集团杂交(29.8%)选育而成,育成品种类型以鲜食型和鲜食兼用型为主、占86.0%;57个甘薯育成品种溯源直接亲本61个,原始亲本42个,其中禺北白、湛薯75-57、普薯3号和新竹头作为原始亲本,使用频数较高,衍生品种数14个以上;广东省甘薯育成品种系谱主要以地方品种或早期广东省本地育成种及其衍生品种为骨干组成,可划分为4个脉系:湛薯75-57脉系、广揭脉系、广普脉系和其他脉系;广东育成品种作为直接亲本已先后培育出50个甘薯新品种在生产上推广应用。【结论】广东甘薯育成品种所用亲本呈现明显的“广东特色”,遗传基础较窄,为扩大甘薯品种遗传基础,在广泛引进收集国内外优异甘薯种质资源拓宽亲本的同时,亟需对甘薯种质资源尤其是地方品种资源进行精准鉴评以挖掘优异种质,培育优质亲本。

【Objective】In order to understand the genetic background and genetic relationship of sweetpotato cultivars and provide references for parents selection and effective cross combination in sweetpotato breeding,the sweetpotato cultivars bred in Guangdong Province from 1978 to 2016 were investigated and summarized.【Method】Based on the information of 57 sweetpotato cultivars,which passed the national identification or provincial approval,bred in Guangdong Province from 1978 to 2016,their profiles,parental source,pedigree and derived cultivars were analyzed.【Result】Mainly bred by purposeful hybridization between varieties(59.6%)or polycrossing(29.8%),Guangdong sweetpotato cultivars mainly include fresh food and fresh food and forage dual-purpose types,accounting for 86.0%.57 cultivars could be ultimately traced to 61 direct parents and 42 original parents.Yubeibai,Zhanshu 75-57,Pushu 3 and Xinzhutou were the most frequently used original parents,and over 14 cultivars were derived from them.The pedigree of sweetpotato cultivars bred in Guangdong Province was mainly composed of landraces or early local bred cultivars and their derivatives,which could be clearly divided into four families:Zhanshu 75-57 family,Guangjie family,Guangpu family and other family.These released sweetpotato cultivars have been used as direct parents,and 50 new sweetpotato cultivars have been bred,some of which have been widely used in Guangdong Province,even the whole country.【Conclusion】The sweetpotato cultivars bred in Guangdong Province and their parents showed obvious“Guangdong features”.In order to broaden the genetic basis of sweetpotato cultivars,it is necessary to continue to widely introduce and collect excellent sweetpotato germplasm to Guangdong Province,and accurately identify and evaluate the germplasm resources especially local germplasm resources for the breeding of superior parents.