美国公务员绩效考核制度变革

Performance Appraisal System Innovation of US Civil Servant

公务员绩效考核是公务员管理部门依据相关法律法规,基于一定的程序和标准,对公务员履职情况进行考量评价的过程。制定完善合理的绩效考核制度,不仅有利于科学评价公务员各项管理工作的客观实绩,而且能够有效激发公务员工作的积极性和主动性。美国公务员绩效考核制度经过两百多年的变革发展,基本实现了从主观到客观、从徇私到功绩、从传统到现代的质性转变,具有法定性、科学性、工具性和执行性等特征,并逐步形成了以"功绩制"为核心的现代公务员制度。尽管存在文化背景和国情差异,作为公务员管理的必要环节和难点问题,考核制度的构建也存在一定的共性规律。未来我国的公务员绩效考核制度变革,应该从完善法律法规入手,对指标体系、考核程序、奖惩落实、监督救济等各个环节进行优化。

The performance appraisal of civil servants is a process by which the civil servant management department conduct consideration and evaluation on the performance of civil servants according to relevant laws and regulations,based on certain procedures and standards.Formulating a perfect and reasonable performance appraisal system is not only conducive to scientifically evaluating the objective achievements of civil servants’management work,but also can effectively stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of civil servants’work.After more than 200 years of reform and development,the performance appraisal system of US federal civil servant has realized the qualitative transformation from subjectivity to objectivity,from favoritism to contribution,and from tradition to modernity,and it has the characteristics such as legality,scientificity,instrumentality and enforceability,and gradually formed a modern civil servant system with"merit system"as core.Although there are differences exist in cultural background and national conditions,as a necessary link and difficult problem in the management of civil servants,there are certain common rules in the construction of appraisal system.In the future reform of civil servant performance appraisal system in China,we should,starting from perfecting laws and regulations,optimize all links including the index system,appraisal procedures,enforcement of rewards and punishments,supervision and remedy,etc.