马克思主义生态学导论

A Brief Introduction to Marxist Ecology

学界通常所指的生态马克思主义或生态社会主义概念,至少包括三组尽管称谓略显不同、但意涵却非常接近的术语集群,即广义或复数意义上的生态马克思主义、生态社会主义和绿色左翼理论。“马克思主义生态学”作为一个伞形概念相对于“社会主义生态学”和“绿色左翼理论”等术语的优点就在于,它既可以在涵盖更宽广理论流派范围的意义上来理解,即包括“马克思(恩格斯)的生态学或生态(环境/自然/生态文明)思想(观)”“欧美生态马克思主义”“激进的或批判性的政治生态学(‘红绿’或‘绿色左翼’理论)”等在内的不同分支学派,也可以在更具灵活性的研究方法论的意义上来理解。对马克思主义唯物辩证或批判性社会经济结构分析的承继,构成了它们绿色分析的共同“底色”或“底线”。

In terms of the commonly used academic concepts of eco-Marxism or eco-socialism,there are at least three groups of terminology with subtly different expressions but quite similar connotations:eco-Marxism,eco-socialism and green left theories in a broad or plural sense.The major advantages of taking Marxist ecology rather than socialist ecology or green left theories as the umbrella concept are that it can better cover all the theoretical branches such as Marx and Engels' ecological thoughts on environment/nature/eco-civilization,European and American eco-Marxism and radical or critical political ecology including"red green"or"green left"theories,and that it can be understood from the aspect of a more flexibly utilized methodology.All these terms share the same theoretical nature or bottom line of green exploration because they adhere to the analysis based on Marxist dialectics or criticism of socio-economic structure.