日本里山的环境伦理及其生态批评意义

Environmental Ethics and Ecocritical Significance of Japanese Satoyama

日本里山作为生态系统受到人类影响的地理空间,具有自然、风土人情和本地乡土文化相统一的特色。里山的环境伦理,是把自然看作“人类介入的自然”“文化的自然”,可以视为人类价值观问题,而不必局限在生态系统和环境领域来审视。“里山”理念运用于生态批评中,既可以克服人类中心主义,也可以避免自然中心主义。

Japanese Satoyama as the geographical space whose ecosystem is affected by human activities is characteristic of unification of nature,local customs and practices,and indigenous folk cultures.Nature is seen as“nature with human intervention”and“nature with cultivation”according to Satoyama environmental ethics,which,therefore,can be viewed in the sphere of human values,rather than being confined to the realm of ecosystem and environment.The application of the concept of Satoyama to ecocriticism can not only help overcome anthropocentrism,but also avoid nature centrism.