摘要
This review examines glioma disease initiation,promotion,and progression with a focus on the cell types present within the tumor mass and the molecules responsible for the immunosuppressive microenvironment that are present at each step of the disease.The cell types and molecules present also correlate with the grade of malignancy.An overall“type 2”chronic inflammatory microenvironment develops that facilitates glioma promotion and contributes to the neo-vascularization characteristic of gliomas.An immunosuppressive microenvironment shields the tumor mass from clearance by the patient’s own immune system.Here,we provide suggestions to deal with a chronically-inflamed tumor microenvironment and provide recommendations to help optimize adjuvant immune-and gene therapies currently offered to glioma patients.
基金
Supported in part by NIH R01CA125244(Kruse CA,Liau LM),R01CA154256(Kruse CA),R01 CA121258(Kasahara N,Kruse CA),the Joan S.Holmes Memorial Research Fund(Kruse CA),NIH/NCATS UCLA CTSI Grant Number UL1TR000124(Liau LM),a NIH Minority Supplement Award to NIH R01CA125244(Soto H),a UCLA Scholars in Translational Medicine Program Award(Yang I),and the STOP CANCER Jason Dessel Memorial Seed Grant(Yang I).
