战时私立高校内迁重建的经费困局与筹资路径

The Financial Predicament and Financing Path of Private Colleges’Relocation during the Anti-Japanese War

全面抗战爆发后,日军除了在战场对中国人进行杀戮外,在文化教育事业上也大肆破坏,蓄意且有计划地摧毁中国各地的大学。战时我国民族经济遭到严重破坏,依赖于民间资本主体捐资办学的私立高校,经营日益困难,经费投入持续降低,教师实际收入不断下降,教学资源严重短缺,如何获得维持学校基本运行的办学经费是私立高校必须直面的首要难题。战时私立高校迁建主要依赖社会募捐、学费、政府补助以及国立化等路径筹资,一定程度上解决了学校办学问题。整体审视,迁建院校具有多元且灵活的筹资机制,长校者及其人脉、办学实用性、政治属性等是筹资能力的影响因素。

After the outbreak of Anti-Japanese War,Japanese army not only slaughtered lots of Chinese people in battleground,but wantonly destroyed the cultural education and smash Chinese colleges and universities intentionally.The national economy then was extremely destroyed.The private colleges,which relied on donations from private capital,were faced with a series of difficulties,such as increasingly difficult operation,continuous decrease in funding input,constant declining of teachers’income and serious shortage of teaching resources.As a result,the primary difficulty was how to obtain the funds to maintain basic operation of the colleges.The relocation of private collages mainly relies on social fund-raising,tuition fees,government subsidies and nationalization to raise funds,which to some extent solved the problem of school running.On the whole,the private colleges had multiple and flexible financing mechanism.The key factors that affect the financing were the headmaster and their interpersonal relationships,the school-running practicability and their political attribute.