风景旅游区村居条件对居民劳动参与的影响--基于CFPS村居微观数据

The Impact of Community Conditions on Residents'Labor Participation in Scenic Areas--Based on CFPS Microdata

村居是区域经济发展的前沿,是居民经营生产的主要场所,村居条件影响人的行为决策。本研究利用CFPS 2014-CFPS 2016年的数据,采用Logistic回归模型,以个人及家庭特征为控制变量,探究风景旅游区村居的异质性因素对景区居民劳动参与的影响。研究结果表明:社区依附风景旅游区能够有效提升居民劳动参与率,在优势比上是非风景旅游区的1.16~1.43倍,且村居的交通条件、经济水平正向,农业与非农业产值比逆向影响劳动参与。此外,村居的经济水平是决定交通条件能否提升居民劳动参与效率的关键因素。因此要全面考核村居的环境条件,因地制宜,实现景区就业效益的最大限度发挥。

Communities are the key areas for local people to live and do business.The conditions of communities will impact peoples’behavior.As there is a large number of surplus labor in China,the underemployment is still serious,so the essence of using tourism resources to eliminate poverty is to enhance the labor participation rate of local residents.Tourism is regarded as an effective way to achieve rural rejuvenation.Labor participation is not only influenced by people’s individual characteristics but also depends on the conditions of living community.Many scholars have studied the employment effects of tourism in specific areas from the aspects of"macroeconomics"and"personal characteristics"and most of these studies are case studies or qualitative studies,but few scholars have used quantitative methods to study the relationship between tourism development and community labor participation at the micro level,and there is especially a lack of study on the relationship between village environment and community labor participation.The purpose of this article is to provide theoretical basis for further exploring potential labor resources,improving resource allocation efficiency,and developing and reforming the tourism industry policies.Based on CFPS from 2014 to 2016,this article explores the effect of heterogeneous factors,economic conditions and environmental conditions,on residents'labor participation in different scenic areas.To begin with,in order to study whether the scenic tourism area has an impact on the labor participation of local residents,this paper first used stepwise regression model.Taking individual and family characteristics as control variables,the binary-logistic regression results show that the scenic area increases the labor participation rate of the residents that of the non-scenic tourism area with the odds ratio between 1.16 and 1.43.The method of developing tourism to improve employment is effective.Next,we selected the samples who live in the communities of scenic areas to study how the conditions of different village communities influence residents’labor participation.The article continues to use the Binary-logistic model and the results show that the traffic and economic conditions positively affect labor participation:the more convenient the railway and highway transportation conditions,the higher the labor participation ration of the residents.The higher economic level,the higher the labor participation ration of the residents,too.But the ratio of output value between agricultural and non-agricultural industry adversely affects labor participation.So tourism industry can promote labor participation by upgrading industrial structure.However,the traffic conditions are more effective for improving the labor participation in more developed scenic areas.Lastly,in order to validate above conclusions this article also made a ration comparison among the western,central and eastern parts of China.Therefore,we highly recommend that it is necessary for the government to comprehensively evaluate the basic conditions of the community to maximize the economic benefits of the tourism industry.