近代“考医”观念探析

Analysis on the Concept of"Doctor Evaluation"in Modern Times

西学东渐之下,“考医”言论大盛于近代。时人认为,医界乱象源于国家无“考医”之制,故国家应对行医人员进行资格考验,合格方许行医。至于如何“考医”,时人既有共识,也存在不少分歧。与近代以前的医家议论相比,近人的“考医”言论,虽有因袭,也多新论。另一方面,在论及“考医”时,近人多忽略中国考试官医的传统,反而强调东西各国的“考医成法”;尊西趋新,无视、鄙视或摈弃传统一度成为时尚,然传统对近代“考医”的影响依在。透过“考医”,既可管窥当时的社会心态,也可重新审视西方与中国传统对近代中国社会及文化的影响。

Under the circumstance of eastward spread of western culture,the discussion on the concept of"doctor evaluation"was prevailing in modern times.The contemporary people believe that the chaotic phenomena in medical circles was originated from the lack of"doctor evaluation"system,which required doctors to pass certain tests before practicing medicine.However,there were both consensus and divergence on the implementation of this evaluation.On one hand,the contemporary people not only followed traditions but also proposed many new ones compared with the theory of doctors in premodern times.On the other hand,the contemporary people usually overemphasized the precedents of doctor evaluation in foreign countries but neglected the Chinese tradition.In modern times,there was a tendency to follow the western culture but to neglect,despise or abandon the Chinese tradition.Nevertheless,the influence from Chinese tradition still existed in the"doctor evaluation"in the modern times.Through this evaluation system,we can not only glimpse the social ideology at that time,but also review the influence of western culture and Chinese traditions on society and culture in modern China.