背德者及其他:从纪德看自我的多样形象

Various Forms of Self-Image in Gide’s Writings

主要从爱、宗教和社会公共领域三个方面,探讨纪德笔下作为背德者的自我及其特征。爱所体现的是自我的情感世界,宗教表现了自我的终极关切,二者都属于广义的内在精神世界;比较而言,社会公共领域体现了自我与外在社会政治现实的关系。无论是从中世纪走向现代,还是现代社会自身的演进,自我意识的萌发、演化,都无法离开以上三个方面。在纪德的笔下,自我既以背德者为人格形态,又体现于多样的社会领域(包括不同的文明形态),通过以上方面的考察,纪德的作品展现了个体丰富的内心世界和行为方式,由此也展现了自我形象的多样形态。

This article mainly discusses the self-image and characteristics of Gide’s immoralists in terms of love,religion,and social public spheres.Love embodies the emotional world of the self,and religion expresses the ultimate concern of the self.Both belong to the inner spiritual world in a broad sense.In comparison,the social public sphere reflects the relationship between the self and the external social political reality.Whether it is from the Middle Ages to the modern era,or the evolution of modern society itself,the germination and evolution of self-consciousness cannot leave the above three aspects.In Gide’s writings,the self not only takes the immoralists as the form of personality,but also embodies in various social fields(including different forms of civilization).Through the above investigations,Gide’s works show the rich inner world and behavior of individuals,and thus also show the various forms of self-image.