地方政府差别化以地引资竞争策略研究:来自微观土地交易的证据

Research on the Competition Strategy of Local Government Differentiation in Land Transfer for Investment Attraction:Evidence from Micro-land Trading

识别现阶段地方政府引资竞争策略的差别化表现,能够有效发挥土地政策对区域和产业间要素资源的引导作用。基于2007—2018年我国277个城市工业用地出让数据,以供地价格水平和地价离散度两个指标对地方政府差别化以地引资策略加以衡量,并进一步运用PSTR模型对其在不同经济发展水平下形成的内在逻辑进行验证。研究结果表明:(1)地方政府以地引资竞争策略具有差别化特征,主要通过用地成本梯度和供地对象选择两个维度予以体现。(2)低经济发展水平阶段,地方政府缺乏供地对象选择激励,倾向于低地价引资,供地价格水平和地价离散度较小;随着经济发展水平的提高,地方政府倾向于设置高门槛策略性以地引资,供地价格水平和地价离散度较大。(3)地区发展竞争和土地供给总量约束是地方政府差别化以地引资竞争策略形成的深层原因,并随经济发展水平不同呈非线性关系。故而在经济高质量发展背景下,应结合城市发展阶段和地区功能定位,引导地方政府合理选择以地引资策略。

Identifying the differentiated performance of local government competition strategies for attracting investment at the present stage can effectively play the guiding role of land policy on regional and industrial factors and resources.Based on the industrial land transfer data of 277 cities in China from 2007—2018,this paper measures the differentiated strategies of local government in land transfer for investment attraction from the dimension of land supply price level and land price dispersion and uses the PSTR model to verify the internal logic formed under different economic development levels.The research results show that:(1)Differentiated competition strategy can be found among local governments in their land transfer for investment attraction,which is mainly reflected by the land use cost gradient and the selection of land supply object.(2)In the stage of low economic development,local governments lack incentive to choose land supply,and tend to attract low land price,presenting the features of low land supply price and land price dispersion;with the improvement of economy,local governments tend to set high threshold for strategic land investment,and land supply price and land price dispersion are relatively high.(3)Regional development competition and total land supply constraint are root causes for the differentiation in land transfer investment attraction,showing a non-linear relationship with different level of economic development.Therefore,under the background of high-quality economic development,local governments should be guided to reasonably choose land investment strategy,combining the urban development stage and regional function orientation.