中国与中亚地区国家贸易与商品格局分析

Analysis of trade and commodity pattern between China and countries in Central Asia

在“一带一路”建设中,中国与中亚地区经贸合作尤其是能源领域方面的合作是非常重要的组成部分。根据联合国商品贸易数据库相关数据,运用SITC Rev.3商品分类方法,从能源结构、商品格局及贸易合作三个方面入手,对1992—2017年中国与中亚地区国家的贸易和商品格局进行了分析。结果表明:中国与中亚地区国家间一直保持良好贸易合作关系,总体上中国处于贸易顺差地位;中国对中亚地区国家的出口以工业制成品为主,进口以自然资源密集型产品和初级产品为主;自中亚地区国家进口的能源产品以石油和天然气为主。基于研究结论,提出了根据国家类型实施差异化策略,充分发挥双方优势、实现“共赢”,积极推动多边合作协议签署等对策建议。

In the construction of the Belt and Road,economic and trade cooperation between China and Central Asia,especially cooperation in the energy field,is a very important part.According to the relevant data of the United Nations Commodity Trade Database,using the SITC Rev.3 commodity classification method,this paper analyzed the trade and commodity pattern between China and Central Asian countries from 1992 to 2017 from three aspects:energy structure,commodity pattern and trade cooperation.The results show that China has always maintained a good trade cooperation relationship with Central Asian countries,and China is in the position of trade surplus on the whole;China’s exports to Central Asian countries are mainly manufactured products,while imports are mainly natural resource-intensive products and primary products;the energy products imported from Central Asian countries are mainly oil and natural gas.Based on the research conclusions,this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions,such as implementing differentiated strategies according to the type of country,making full use of the advantages of both sides,realizing“win-win”cooperation and actively promoting the signing of multilateral cooperation agreements.