1Cooke, Michael G. Afro-American Literature in the Tuentieth Century-The Achievement of Intimacy [M]. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1984.
2Christian, Barbara. Trajectories of Self-Definition: Placing Contemporary Afro-American Women's Fiction [ A ]. In Conjuring: Black Women, Fiction, and Literary Tradition [C]. eds. Marjorie Pryse and Hortense J. Spillers. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985a. 233-248.
3Christian, Barbara. Black Feminist Criticism: Perspectives on Black Women Writers [M]. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985b.
4Harris, Trudier. Native Sons and Foreign Daughters [A]. In New Essayson Native Son [C]. ed. Keneth Kinnamon. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990. 62- 73.
5Hemton, Calvin. The Sexual Mountain [A]. In Wild Women in the Whirlwind: Afra-American Culture and Contemporary Literary Renaissance [ C ]. eds, Joanne M. Braxton & Andree Nicola Mclaughlin. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1990. 195- 212.
6Ogunyemi, Chikwenye Okonjo. Womanism: The Dynamics of the Contemporary Black Female Novel in English [J]. Signs: Journal of Women in Cultureand Society. 1985, Vol. 11, No. 1. 63 -80.
7Walker, Alice. In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens [M]. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1983.
8Wall, Cheryl A. ed. Changing Our Own Words: Essays on Criticism, Theory, and Writing by Black Women [M]. New Brunswick and London: Rutgers University Press, 1989.
9Wright, Richard. Native Son [M]. New York: Harper & Row,1940.
10Johns D B,Lorman A,Ratner.Multiculturalism in the United States:A Comparative Guide to Acculturation and Ethnicity[M].New York:GP,1992:17.